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Endocrinology. Insulin resistance ( IR) is a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin or downregulate insulin receptors in response to hyperinsulinemia . Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transport of glucose from blood into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose (blood sugar).
Type 3 diabetes is a proposed pathological linkage between Alzheimer's disease and certain features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [1] Specifically, the term refers to a set of common biochemical and metabolic features seen in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, and in other tissues in diabetes; [1] [2] it may thus be considered a "brain-specific type of diabetes."
An insulin tolerance test ( ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure during which insulin is injected into a patient's vein, after which blood glucose is measured at regular intervals. This procedure is performed to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, insulin sensitivity, [ 1][ 2] and sometimes for other purposes.
The glucose tolerance test (GTT, not to be confused with GGT test) is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. [ 1] The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance, impaired beta cell function, [ 2] and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and ...
Diabetic hypoglycemia is a low blood glucose level occurring in a person with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common types of hypoglycemia seen in emergency departments and hospitals. According to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP), and based on a sample examined between 2004 and 2005, an ...
Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges. Insulin ( / ˈɪn.sjʊ.lɪn /, [ 5][ 6] from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin ( INS) gene. It is the main anabolic hormone of the body. [ 7]
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Specialty. Endocrinology. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia describes the condition and effects of low blood glucose caused by excessive insulin. Hypoglycemia due to excess insulin is the most common type of serious hypoglycemia. It can be due to endogenous or injected insulin.
The insulin transduction pathway is a biochemical pathway by which insulin increases the uptake of glucose into fat and muscle cells and reduces the synthesis of glucose in the liver and hence is involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This pathway is also influenced by fed versus fasting states, stress levels, and a variety of other hormones.