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  2. Distance from a point to a line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_from_a_point_to_a...

    The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.

  3. Great-circle distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance

    The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path between the two points on the surface of the sphere. (By comparison, the shortest path passing through the sphere's interior is the chord between ...

  4. Euclidean distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance

    Euclidean distance. In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of the line segment between them. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, and therefore is occasionally called the Pythagorean distance . These names come from the ancient Greek ...

  5. Distance geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_geometry

    Distance geometry. Distance geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with characterizing and studying sets of points based only on given values of the distances between pairs of points. [1] [2] [3] More abstractly, it is the study of semimetric spaces and the isometric transformations between them. In this view, it can be considered as a ...

  6. Arc length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

    Arc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve. Determining the length of an irregular arc segment by approximating the arc segment as connected (straight) line segments is also called curve rectification. For a rectifiable curve these approximations don't get arbitrarily large (so the curve has a finite length).

  7. Geodesic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic

    In geometry, a geodesic ( / ˌdʒiː.əˈdɛsɪk, - oʊ -, - ˈdiːsɪk, - zɪk /) [ 1][ 2] is a curve representing in some sense the shortest [ a] path ( arc) between two points in a surface, or more generally in a Riemannian manifold. The term also has meaning in any differentiable manifold with a connection. It is a generalization of the ...

  8. Distance between two parallel lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_between_two...

    the distance between the two lines is the distance between the two intersection points of these lines with the perpendicular line. This distance can be found by first solving the linear systems. and. to get the coordinates of the intersection points. The solutions to the linear systems are the points.

  9. Taxicab geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab_geometry

    Formal definition. The taxicab distance, , between two points in an n -dimensional real coordinate space with fixed Cartesian coordinate system, is the sum of the lengths of the projections of the line segment between the points onto the coordinate axes. More formally, For example, in , the taxicab distance between and is.