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Definition of congruence in analytic geometry. In a Euclidean system, congruence is fundamental; it is the counterpart of equality for numbers. In analytic geometry, congruence may be defined intuitively thus: two mappings of figures onto one Cartesian coordinate system are congruent if and only if, for any two points in the first mapping, the ...
Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer.He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (BSS, "correctly established doctrine of Brahma", dated 628), a theoretical treatise, and the Khaṇḍakhādyaka ("edible bite", dated 665), a more practical text.
In Euclidean geometry, Ceva's theorem is a theorem about triangles. Given a triangle ABC, let the lines AO, BO, CO be drawn from the vertices to a common point O (not on one of the sides of ABC ), to meet opposite sides at D, E, F respectively. (The segments AD, BE, CF are known as cevians .) Then, using signed lengths of segments ,
Newton's theorem can easily be derived from Anne's theorem considering that in tangential quadrilaterals the combined lengths of opposite sides are equal ( Pitot theorem: a + c = b + d ). According to Anne's theorem, showing that the combined areas of opposite triangles PAD and PBC and the combined areas of triangles PAB and PCD are equal is ...
The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels. It is equivalent to the theorem about ratios in ...
Spherical trigonometry. The octant of a sphere is a spherical triangle with three right angles. Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles.
Cyclic quadrilateral. In Euclidean geometry, a cyclic quadrilateral or inscribed quadrilateral is a quadrilateral whose vertices all lie on a single circle. This circle is called the circumcircle or circumscribed circle, and the vertices are said to be concyclic. The center of the circle and its radius are called the circumcenter and the ...
v. t. e. Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trígōnon) 'triangle' and μέτρον (métron) 'measure') [ 1] is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles. In particular, the trigonometric functions relate the angles of a right triangle with ratios of its side lengths.