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Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer.He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (BSS, "correctly established doctrine of Brahma", dated 628), a theoretical treatise, and the Khaṇḍakhādyaka ("edible bite", dated 665), a more practical text.
Brahmagupta's formula. In Euclidean geometry, Brahmagupta's formula, named after the 7th century Indian mathematician, is used to find the area of any cyclic quadrilateral (one that can be inscribed in a circle) given the lengths of the sides. Its generalized version, Bretschneider's formula, can be used with non-cyclic quadrilateral.
Congruence permits alteration of some properties, such as location and orientation, but leaves others unchanged, like distances and angles. The unchanged properties are called invariants. In geometry, two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size, or if one has the same shape and size as the mirror image of the other.
Spherical trigonometry. The octant of a sphere is a spherical triangle with three right angles. Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles.
v. t. e. Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trígōnon) 'triangle' and μέτρον (métron) 'measure') [ 1] is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles. In particular, the trigonometric functions relate the angles of a right triangle with ratios of its side lengths.
A quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is both a rhombus and a rectangle (i.e., four equal sides and four equal angles). Oblong: longer than wide, or wider than long (i.e., a rectangle that is not a square). [ 5] Kite: two pairs of adjacent sides are of equal length.
The orange and green quadrilaterals are congruent; the blue one is not congruent to them. Congruence between the orange and green ones is established in that side BC corresponds to (in this case of congruence, equals in length) JK, CD corresponds to KL, DA corresponds to LI, and AB corresponds to IJ, while angle ∠C corresponds to (equals) angle ∠K, ∠D corresponds to ∠L, ∠A ...
The sum of the internal angle and the external angle on the same vertex is π radians (180°). The sum of all the internal angles of a simple polygon is π ( n −2) radians or 180 ( n –2) degrees, where n is the number of sides. The formula can be proved by using mathematical induction: starting with a triangle, for which the angle sum is ...