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Extensible Markup Language ( XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
An XML schema is a description of a type of XML document, typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type, above and beyond the basic syntactical constraints imposed by XML itself. These constraints are generally expressed using some combination of grammatical rules governing the order of ...
XSD ( XML Schema Definition ), a recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ), specifies how to formally describe the elements in an Extensible Markup Language ( XML) document. It can be used by programmers to verify each piece of item content in a document, to assure it adheres to the description of the element it is placed in. [1]
Document type definition. A document type definition ( DTD) is a specification file that contains set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML -family markup language ( GML, SGML, XML, HTML ). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents. A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document.
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set / Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh; or. &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form. The hhhh (or nnnn) may be any number of ...
XML documents have a hierarchical structure and can conceptually be interpreted as a tree structure, called an XML tree. XML documents must contain a root element (one that is the parent of all other elements). All elements in an XML document can contain sub elements, text and attributes. The tree represented by an XML document starts at the ...
XML namespaces are used for providing uniquely named elements and attributes in an XML document. They are defined in a W3C recommendation. [1] [2] An XML instance may contain element or attribute names from more than one XML vocabulary. If each vocabulary is given a namespace, the ambiguity between identically named elements or attributes can ...
MARCXML - a direct mapping of the MARC standard to XML syntax. METS - a schema for aggregating in a single XML file descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata about a digital object. MODS - a schema for a bibliographic element set and maintained by the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress [6]