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Gastric antral vascular ectasia. Gastric antral vascular ectasia ( GAVE) is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia. [ 1][ 2] The condition is associated with dilated small blood vessels in the gastric antrum, which is a distal part of the stomach. [ 1] The dilated vessels result in intestinal bleeding. [ 3]
Gastroenterology. Portal hypertensive gastropathy refers to changes in the mucosa of the stomach in patients with portal hypertension; by far the most common cause of this is cirrhosis of the liver. These changes in the mucosa include friability of the mucosa and the presence of ectatic blood vessels at the surface.
Glucerna is the brand name of a family of tube feeding formula, bottled or canned shakes, and snack bars manufactured by Abbott Laboratories. [1] It was introduced to the public in 1989. [ 2 ] These medical nutritional products are meant for people with diabetes and are promoted for their ability to satisfy hunger without causing rapid ...
Dieulafoy's lesion ( French: [djølafwa]) is a medical condition characterized by a large tortuous artery [ 2] most commonly in the stomach wall ( submucosal) that erodes and bleeds. It can present in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. [ 3] It can cause gastric hemorrhage [ 4] but is relatively uncommon.
Hematemesis (vomiting blood), coffee ground vomiting, melena, hematochezia (maroon-coloured stool) in severe cases. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding ( UGIB) is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Blood may be observed in vomit or in altered ...
An upper GI bleed is more common than lower GI bleed. [2] An upper GI bleed occurs in 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year. [8] A lower GI bleed is estimated to occur in 20 to 30 per 100,000 per year. [2] It results in about 300,000 hospital admissions a year in the United States. [1] Risk of death from a GI bleed is between 5% and 30%.
Esophageal varices. Esophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. [ 1] They are most often a consequence of portal hypertension, [ 2] commonly due to cirrhosis. [ 3] People with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop severe bleeding which left untreated can be fatal.
A lower gastrointestinal bleed is defined as bleeding originating distal to the ileocecal valve, which includes the colon, rectum, and anus. [2] LGIB was previously defined as any bleed that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz, which included the aforementioned parts of the intestine and also included the last 1/4 of the duodenum and the entire area of the jejunum and ileum. [1]
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