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Enterobacteria phage T4. Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae of the family Straboviridae. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic life cycle and not the lysogenic life cycle.
As another example, consider the refrigeration of water in a warm environment. Due to refrigeration, heat is extracted or forced to flow from the water. As a result, the temperature and entropy of the water decreases, and the system moves further away from uniformity with its warm surroundings.
The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 [1] Thyroid hormones are any hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T 3) and thyroxine (T 4). They are tyrosine-based hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2]
Climate classifications are systems that categorize the world's climates. A climate classification may correlate closely with a biome classification, as climate is a major influence on life in a region. One of the most used is the Köppen climate classification scheme first developed in 1884. [ 1]
Human thermoregulation. As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. [ 1] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot ...
The free energy is the portion of any first-law energy that is available to perform thermodynamic work at constant temperature, i.e., work mediated by thermal energy. Free energy is subject to irreversible loss in the course of such work. [ 1] Since first-law energy is always conserved, it is evident that free energy is an expendable, second ...
Bioeconomics may refer to: Bioeconomics (fisheries), the study of the dynamics of living resources using economic models. Bioeconomics (biophysical), the study of economic systems applying the laws of thermodynamics. Biological economics, the study of the relationship between human biology and economics.
Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The melting temperature ( Tm) is defined as the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state. Tm depends on the length of the DNA molecule and its specific ...