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In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can comprise any of the factors of production (including labor, capital, or land) and taxation . The theory makes the most sense under assumptions of ...
t. e. Prices of production (or "production prices"; in German Produktionspreise) is a concept in Karl Marx 's critique of political economy, defined as "cost-price + average profit". [ 1] A production price can be thought of as a type of supply price for products; [ 2] it refers to the price levels at which newly produced goods and services ...
Production is the process of combining various inputs, both material (such as metal, wood, glass, or plastics) and immaterial (such as plans, or knowledge) in order to create output. Ideally this output will be a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. [ 1] The area of economics that focuses on production ...
Graph of total, average, and marginal product. In economics, a production function gives the technological relation between quantities of physical inputs and quantities of output of goods. The production function is one of the key concepts of mainstream neoclassical theories, used to define marginal product and to distinguish allocative ...
Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be part of the business's marketing plan. In setting prices, the business will take into account the price at which it could acquire the goods, the manufacturing cost, the marketplace, competition, market condition, brand, and ...
Absorption pricing. This pricing method aims to recover all the costs of producing a product. The price of a product includes the variable cost of each item plus a proportionate amount of the fixed costs: Unit Variable Costs + (Overhead + Managing Costs) ÷ Number of units produced = Absorption Price. Fixed or variable costs, direct or indirect ...
Price discrimination. Price discrimination is a microeconomic pricing strategy where identical or largely similar goods or services are sold at different prices by the same provider in different market segments. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Price discrimination is distinguished from product differentiation by the more substantial difference in production cost ...
Paul Douglas explained that his first formulation of the Cobb–Douglas production function was developed in 1927; when seeking a functional form to relate estimates he had calculated for workers and capital, he spoke with mathematician and colleague Charles Cobb, who suggested a function of the form Y = AL β K 1−β, previously used by Knut Wicksell, Philip Wicksteed, and Léon Walras ...