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In mathematics, a percentage (from Latin per centum 'by a hundred') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), [ 1] although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. [ 2] A percentage is a dimensionless number (pure number), primarily used for expressing proportions ...
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
One half is a rational number that lies midway between nil and unity (which are the elementary additive and multiplicative identities) as the quotient of the first two non-zero integers, . It has two different decimal representations in base ten, the familiar and the recurring , with a similar pair of expansions in any even base; while in odd ...
For example, if a team's season record is 30 wins and 20 losses, the winning percentage would be 60% or 0.600: % = % If a team's season record is 30–15–5 (i.e. it has won thirty games, lost fifteen and tied five times), and if the five tie games are counted as 2 1 ⁄ 2 wins, then the team has an adjusted record of 32 1 ⁄ 2 wins, resulting in a 65% or .650 winning percentage for the ...
Borwein and Zucker [2] have found that () can be expressed algebraically in terms of π, K(k(1)), K(k(2)), K(k(3)), and K(k(6)) where K(k(N)) is a complete elliptic integral of the first kind. This permits efficiently approximating the gamma function of rational arguments to high precision using quadratically convergent arithmetic–geometric ...
Percentage point. A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). [ 1]
For example, say a board has 7 members. "Majority" means "at least 4" in this case (more than half of 7, which is 3.5). But 50% + 1 is 4.5, and since a number of people can only be integer, "at least 50% + 1" would mean "at least 5". An example of the expression's misuse to refer to a majority is the 50+1 rule.
Mathematical fallacy. In mathematics, certain kinds of mistaken proof are often exhibited, and sometimes collected, as illustrations of a concept called mathematical fallacy. There is a distinction between a simple mistake and a mathematical fallacy in a proof, in that a mistake in a proof leads to an invalid proof while in the best-known ...