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Coeliac disease. Coeliac disease ( Commonwealth English) or celiac disease ( American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley. [ 10] Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic ...
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy–associated conditions. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy–associated conditions are comorbidities or complications of gluten-related gastrointestinal distress (that is, gluten-sensitive enteropathy or GSE). GSE has key symptoms typically restricted to the bowel and associated tissues; however, there are a wide variety ...
The gluten challenge test is a medical test in which gluten -containing foods are consumed and (re-)occurrence of symptoms is observed afterwards to determine whether and how much a person reacts to these foods. The test may be performed in people with suspected gluten-related disorders in very specific occasions and under medical supervision ...
Anti-gliadin antibodies are produced in response to gliadin, a prolamin found in wheat. In bread wheat it is encoded by three different alleles, AA, BB, and DD. These alleles can produce slightly different gliadins, which can cause the body to produce different antibodies. Some of these antibodies can detect proteins in specific grass taxa such ...
The celiac artery is the only major artery that nourishes the abdominal digestive organs that does not have a similarly named vein. Most blood returning from the digestive organs (including from the area of distribution of the celiac artery) is diverted to the liver via the portal venous system for further processing and detoxification in the ...
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity ( NCGS) or gluten sensitivity[ 14] is a controversial disorder which can cause both gastrointestinal and other problems. NCGS is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. [ 3][ 4] The definition and diagnostic criteria of non-celiac gluten sensitivity were debated and established by three consensus ...
D-xylose absorption test. D-xylose absorption test is a medical test performed to diagnose conditions that present with malabsorption of the proximal small intestine [ 1] due to defects in the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. [ 2] D-xylose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, that does not require enzymes for digestion prior to ...
Tissue transglutaminase (abbreviated as tTG or TG2) is a 78-kDa, calcium-dependent enzyme ( EC 2.3.2.13) of the protein-glutamine γ-glutamyltransferases family (or simply transglutaminase family). [ 5][ 6] Like other transglutaminases, it crosslinks proteins between an ε- amino group of a lysine residue and a γ- carboxamide group of ...