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Anorectal varices are collateral submucosal blood vessels dilated by backflow in the veins of the rectum. [ 1] Typically this occurs due to portal hypertension which shunts venous blood from the portal system through the portosystemic anastomosis present at this site into the systemic venous system. [ 2][ 3] This can also occur in the esophagus ...
Liddle's syndrome, also called Liddle syndrome, [ 1] is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner that is characterized by early, and frequently severe, high blood pressure associated with low plasma renin activity, metabolic alkalosis, low blood potassium, and normal to low levels of aldosterone. [ 1]
Chronic hypertension is a type of high blood pressure in a pregnant woman that is pre-existing before conception, diagnosed early in pregnancy, or persists significantly after the end of pregnancy. It affects about 5% of all pregnancies and can be a primary disorder of essential hypertension or secondary to another condition; it is not caused ...
Early dumping syndrome occurs 10 to 30 minutes after a meal. It results from rapid movement of fluid into the intestine following a sudden addition of a large amount of food from the stomach. [ 1] The small intestine expands rapidly due to the presence of hypertonic / hyperosmolar contents from the stomach, especially sweet foods.
Obstructed defecation syndrome (abbreviated as ODS, with many synonymous terms) is a major cause of functional constipation (primary constipation), [ 16] of which it is considered a subtype. [ 17] It is characterized by difficult and/or incomplete emptying of the rectum with or without an actual reduction in the number of bowel movements per ...
Obstetrics. Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension ( PIH) is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' gestation without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of pre-eclampsia. [ 1] Gestational hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure greater than 140/90 on two occasions ...
Women who have chronic hypertension before their pregnancy are at increased risk of complications such as premature birth, low birthweight or stillbirth. [26] Women who have high blood pressure and had complications in their pregnancy have three times the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to women with normal blood pressure who ...
Constipation is the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in adults. Depending on the definition employed, it occurs in 2% to 20% of the population. [18] [58] It is more common in women, the elderly and children. [58] Specifically constipation with no known cause affects females more often affected than males. [59]