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The effective population size ( Ne) is size of an idealised population would experience the same rate of genetic drift or increase in inbreeding as in the real population. Idealised populations are based on unrealistic but convenient assumptions including random mating, simultaneous birth of each new generation, constant population size.
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson. [1] These principles were initially controversial.
In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number, or basic reproductive number (sometimes called basic reproduction ratio or basic reproductive rate ), denoted (pronounced R nought or R zero ), [ 1] of an infection is the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. [ 2]
Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. [ 1] The concept of heritability can be expressed in the form of the following question: "What is the proportion of the ...
The tertiary sex ratio is equivalent to the adult sex ratio (ASR), which is defined as the ratio of adult males to females in a population. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The operational sex ratio (OSR) is the ratio of sexually active males to females in a population, and is therefore derived from a subset of the individuals included when calculating the ASR. [ 10 ]
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which is ...
The rate at which a population increases in size if there are no density-dependent forces regulating the population is known as the intrinsic rate of increase. It is d N d t = r N {\displaystyle {\frac {dN}{dt}}=rN} where the derivative d N / d t {\displaystyle dN/dt} is the rate of increase of the population, N is the population size, and r is ...
Human population planning is the practice of managing the growth rate of a human population. The practice, traditionally referred to as population control, had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about overpopulation and its effects on poverty, the ...