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A hydraulic ram pump, ram pump, or hydram is a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower. It takes in water at one " hydraulic head " (pressure) and flow rate, and outputs water at a higher hydraulic head and lower flow rate.
The Volvo Engine Architecture [13] (VEA) is a family of straight-three and straight-four automobile petrol and diesel engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, [30] Sweden, since 2013, [31] Zhangjiakou, [32] China since 2016 [33] and Tanjung Malim, Malaysia since 2022 by Proton. [34]
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required. [118] [119] Higher COPs equate to lower operating costs. The COP usually exceeds 1, especially in heat pumps, because, instead of just converting work to heat ...
A ground temperature of 84 °C (183 °F) was reportedly taken in Port Sudan, Sudan. [29] 22 January 2017: 57.2 °C (135.0 °F) Air Beverly Hills, California United States: According to the Los Angeles Almanac, 57.2 °C (135.0 °F) was the hottest temperature historically recorded among 20 Los Angeles County weather stations.
A temperature difference is required between the top and bottom of the large cylinder to run the engine. In the case of the low-temperature-difference (LTD) Stirling engine, the temperature difference between one's hand and the surrounding air can be enough to run the engine. [70]
The solubility pump is driven by the coincidence of two processes in the ocean : The solubility of carbon dioxide is a strong inverse function of seawater temperature (i.e. solubility is greater in cooler water) The thermohaline circulation is driven by the formation of deep water at high latitudes where seawater is usually cooler and denser
Carmack and Foster estimated the production rate of bottom water from the mixing ratio of newly formed bottom water to entrained bottom water. Bottom water formation models based on hydrographic observations suggested that the bottom water formed at the edge of the continental shelf has an initial temperature of -1.4 to -1.2 °C. This range ...
In regions without any high temperature geothermal resources, a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) can provide space heating and space cooling. Like a refrigerator or air conditioner, these systems use a heat pump to force the transfer of heat from the ground to the building.