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Blood pressure ( BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured.
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [ 1][ 2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. [ 3][ 4] The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. [ 3]
Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic-pressure, is a type of osmotic pressure induced by the plasma proteins, notably albumin, [ 1] in a blood vessel's plasma (or any other body fluid such as blood and lymph) that causes a pull on fluid back into the capillary. Participating colloids displace water molecules, thus creating a relative water ...
Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as ...
D062186. In medicine, the mean arterial pressure ( MAP) is an average calculated blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle. [ 1] Although methods of estimating MAP vary, a common calculation is to take one-third of the pulse pressure (the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures ), and add that amount to the ...
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. [ 1] It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts. Healthy pulse pressure is around 40 mmHg. [ 1][ 2] A pulse pressure that is consistently 60 mmHg or greater is likely to be associated with ...
Sphygmomanometer. A sphygmomanometer ( / ˌsfɪɡmoʊməˈnɒmɪtər / SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər ), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, [ 1] and a mercury or aneroid ...
Prehypertension. Prehypertension, also known as high normal blood pressure and borderline hypertensive ( BH ), [ 1] is a medical classification for cases where a person's blood pressure is elevated above optimal or normal, but not to the level considered hypertension (high blood pressure). Prehypertension is now referred to as "elevated blood ...