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2. English grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

   English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

3. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

   Affirmation and negation. In linguistics and grammar, affirmation ( abbreviated AFF) and negation ( NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses ...

4. Constituent (linguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_(linguistics)

   Constituent (linguistics) In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. The constituent structure of sentences is identified using tests for constituents. [ 1] These tests apply to a portion of a sentence, and the results provide evidence about the constituent ...

5. Do-support - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do-support

   Do-support(sometimes referred to as do-insertionor periphrasticdo), in English grammar, is the use of the auxiliary verbdo(or one of its inflected forms e.g. does), to form negatedclauses and constructions which require subject–auxiliary inversion, such as questions. The verb docan be used optionallyas an auxiliary even in simple declarative ...

6. Subject–verb inversion in English - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject–verb_inversion_in...

   Subject–verb inversion in English. Subject–verb inversion in English is a type of inversion marked by a predicate verb that precedes a corresponding subject, e.g., "Beside the bed stood a lamp ". Subject–verb inversion is distinct from subject–auxiliary inversion because the verb involved is not an auxiliary verb. [citation needed]

7. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

   A grammar that uses phrase structure rules is a type of phrase structure grammar. Phrase structure rules as they are commonly employed operate according to the constituency relation, and a grammar that employs phrase structure rules is therefore a constituency grammar; as such, it stands in contrast to dependency grammars, which are based on ...

8. Phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar

   Basic clause structure is understood in terms of a binary division of the clause into subject ( noun phrase NP) and predicate ( verb phrase VP). The binary division of the clause results in a one-to-one-or-more correspondence. For each element in a sentence, there are one or more nodes in the tree structure that one assumes for that sentence.

9. Sentence (linguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)

   In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example " The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog ." In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a complete thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate. In non-functional linguistics it is typically ...