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[9] [10] A female who has never carried a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks is nulliparous and is called a nullipara or para 0. [11] A female who has given birth once is primiparous and is referred to as a primipara or primip. A female who has given birth two, three, or four times is multiparous and is called a multip.
A related term is low birth weight, defined as an infant with a birth weight (that is, mass at the time of birth [7]) of less than 2500 g (5 lb 8 oz), regardless of gestational age at the time of birth. Other related terms include "very low birth weight", which is less than 1500 g, and "extremely low birth weight", which is less than 1000 g. [8]
Necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. [ 4][ 1] Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, multi-organ failure, and even death. [ 1][ 2] The exact cause is unclear. [ 1]
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. [ 1] Extreme preterm [ 2] is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 34 weeks, late preterm birth is ...
Low birth weight may be a result of preterm birth. Low birth weight ( LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational age. [1] Infants born with LBW have added health risks which require close management, often in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Large for gestational age ( LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute measurement, regardless ...
Baby weighed as appropriate for gestational age. Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at their birth. [ 1] The average birth weight in babies of European and African descent is 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb), with the normative range between 2.5 and 4.0 kilograms (5.5 and 8.8 lb). [ 2]
Intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. [ 5] The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal, or ...