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The Venona project was a U.S. effort to decrypt Soviet intelligence messages from 1943 to 1980. This list shows the names of Americans who were allegedly involved with Soviet spies, based on the Venona documents and other sources.
Brutus was a pseudonym used by one or more authors of the Anti-Federalist papers, a series of essays opposing the US Constitution of 1787. Learn about the history, structure, and content of the Anti-Federalist papers and their contrast with the Federalist papers.
Thirteen essays, some of the most widely circulated commentary on the proposed Constitution, appeared under this name, with the first publication coming in the Hartford papers. The essays were certainly written by one of the Connecticut delegates to the Convention, and Ellsworth is the only likely possibility. [12] Marcus James Iredell: Margery
The first topic that Madison addresses is the differentiation between a republic and a democracy.. George Clinton, the Governor of New York and one of the foremost authors of the Anti-Federalist papers at the time of the ratification of the Constitution, cited Montesquieu, a political philosopher who authored "The Spirit of the Laws", [5] to support his argument.
Learn how academic grading is done in the U.S. with letter and numerical scales, percentage and GPA conversions, and standards-based assessment. A D is usually the lowest passing grade in primary and secondary schools, but not in college and universities.
Brutus was the pen name of an Anti-Federalist in a series of essays designed to encourage New Yorkers to reject the proposed Constitution. His essays are considered among the best of those written to oppose adoption of the proposed constitution. [1] They paralleled and confronted The Federalist Papers during the ratification fight over the ...
Common multiple-use names reserved for and used when the person's identity must remain unknown or anonymity is specifically desired. It is a strategy that has been adopted by many unconnected radical groups and by cultural groups, where the construct of personal identity has been criticised.
The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service and later absorbed by the National Security Agency (NSA), that ran from February 1, 1943, until October 1, 1980. [1]