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  2. Coupon collector's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupon_collector's_problem

    Coupon collector's problem. In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following question: if each box of a given product (e.g., breakfast cereals) contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more ...

  3. Transformation efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_efficiency

    In molecular biology, transformation efficiency is a crucial parameter, it is used to evaluate the ability of different methods to introduce plasmid DNA into cells and to compare the efficiency of different plasmid, vectors and host cells. This efficiency can be affected by a number of factors, including the method used for introducing the DNA ...

  4. Coalescent theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescent_theory

    Coalescent theory. Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor. In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation ...

  5. Heritability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability

    Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. [ 1] The concept of heritability can be expressed in the form of the following question: "What is the proportion of the ...

  6. Mark and recapture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_and_recapture

    Mark and recapture. Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population 's size where it is impractical to count every individual. [ 1] A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released. Later, another portion will be captured and the number of marked individuals within the sample is counted.

  7. Cell counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_counting

    Cell counting. Cell counting is any of various methods for the counting or similar quantification of cells in the life sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment. It is an important subset of cytometry, with applications in research and clinical practice. For example, the complete blood count can help a physician to determine why a ...

  8. Binomial proportion confidence interval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_proportion...

    The definition of the Clopper–Pearson interval can also be modified to obtain exact confidence intervals for different distributions. For instance, it can also be applied to the case where the samples are drawn without replacement from a population of a known size, instead of repeated draws of a binomial distribution.

  9. Odds ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_ratio

    An odds ratio ( OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the odds of event A taking place in the presence of B, and the odds of A in the absence of B. Due to symmetry, odds ratio reciprocally calculates the ratio of the odds of B occurring in the ...