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Mark and recapture. Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population 's size where it is impractical to count every individual. [ 1] A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released. Later, another portion will be captured and the number of marked individuals within the sample is counted.
In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following question: if each box of a given product (e.g., breakfast cereals) contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more than t boxes need to be bought ...
The interest in each such period (or partial period) is then computed, and then the amounts are summed over the number of quasi-coupon periods. For details, see or the ISDA paper. [4] This method ensures that all coupon payments are always for the same amount. It also ensures that all days in a coupon period are valued equally.
Methods for random number generation where the marginal distribution is a binomial distribution are well-established. [43] [44] One way to generate random variates samples from a binomial distribution is to use an inversion algorithm. To do so, one must calculate the probability that Pr(X = k) for all values k from 0 through n. (These ...
Original Issue Discount ( OID) is a type of interest that is not payable as it accrues. OID is normally created when a debt, usually a bond, is issued at a discount. In effect, selling a bond at a discount converts stated principal into a return on investment, or interest. The accurate determination of principal and interest is necessary in ...
The doubling time is the time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time. When the relative growth rate (not the absolute growth rate) is constant ...
Incidence proportion ( IP ), also known as cumulative incidence, is defined as the probability that a particular event, such as occurrence of a particular disease, has occurred in a specified period: [ 1] For example, if a population contains 1,000 persons and 28 develop a condition from the time the disease first occurred until two years later ...
Unlike a probability, a probability density function can take on values greater than one; for example, the continuous uniform distribution on the interval [0, 1/2] has probability density f(x) = 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1/2 and f(x) = 0 elsewhere. The standard normal distribution has probability density. If a random variable X is given and its ...