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Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. [ 10][ 11] Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and occurs many times a night. [ 1]
Classification of sleep disorders, as developed in the 19th century, used primarily three categories: insomnia, hypersomnia and nightmare. In the 20th century, increasingly in the last half of it, technological discoveries led to rapid advances in the understanding of sleep and recognition of sleep disorders. Major sleep disorders were defined ...
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) uses a multiaxial system for stating and coding diagnoses both in clinical reports or for database purposes. The axial system uses International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) coding wherever possible. Additional codes are included for procedures and physical signs of particular ...
Central hypoventilation syndrome. Central hypoventilation syndrome ( CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life. The condition can be fatal if untreated.
Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near-complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when ...
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea ( PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [ 1] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [ 2] PND, as well as simple orthopnea, may be relieved by sitting upright at the side of the bed with legs ...
Central sleep apnea (CSA) or central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) is a sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically for 10 to 30 seconds either intermittently or in cycles, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation.
A sleep-related breathing disorder is a sleep disorder in which abnormalities in breathing occur during sleep that may or may not be present while awake. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders are classified as follows: [ 1] Sleep apnea, including the more specific disorders of ...