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The First Amendment ( Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws respecting an establishment of religion; prohibiting the free exercise of religion; or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances.
Freedom of the Press status 2017. [ 10] Freedom of the Press is a yearly report by the US-based non-profit organization Freedom House. It is known to subjectively measure the level of freedom and editorial independence that is enjoyed by the press in every nation and significant disputed territories around the world.
This is an overall measure of freedom available to the press, including a range of factors including government censorship, control over journalistic access, and whistleblower protections. The U.S.'s ranking fell from 20th in 2010 to 49th in 2015, before recovering to 41st in 2016. Freedom House, a U.S.-based watchdog organization, ranked the ...
Michigan Chamber of Commerce (1990) McConnell v. FEC (2003) (in part) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States regarding campaign finance laws and free speech under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The court held 5–4 that the freedom of ...
A Distant Heritage: The Growth of Free Speech in Early America. New York: New York University Press, 1995. Godwin, Mike (1998). Cyber Rights: Defending Free Speech in the Digital Age. New York: Times Books. ISBN 0-8129-2834-2. Rabban, David M. (1999). Free Speech in Its Forgotten Years, 1870–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Journalism. Citizen journalism, also known as collaborative media, [ 1]: 61 participatory journalism, [ 2] democratic journalism, [ 3] guerrilla journalism[ 4] or street journalism, [ 5] is based upon members of the community playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information.
Freedom of expression embraces free speech, a free press, transmission and receipt of ideas and information, freedom of expression in art, and the right to silence. The right to seek access to official records is also seen as part of the right to freedom of expression, as provided for in the Official Information Act 1982 .
The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 ( French: Loi sur la liberté de la presse du 29 juillet 1881 ), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, Eugène Lisbonne [ fr], is a law that defines the freedoms and responsibilities of the media and publishers in France.