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Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come ...
In psychology, meaning-making is the process of how people construe, understand, or make sense of life events, relationships, and the self. [ 1 ] The term is widely used in constructivist approaches to counseling psychology and psychotherapy , [ 2 ] especially during bereavement in which people attribute some sort of meaning to an experienced ...
The latency stage is the fourth stage of Sigmund Freud 's model of a child's psychosexual development. Freud believed that the child discharges their libido (sexual energy) through a distinct body area that characterizes each stage. The stages are: the 'oral phase' (first stage) the 'anal phase' (second stage) the 'phallic phase' (third stage)
Pygmalion effect. The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area and low expectations lead to worse performance. [1] It is named after the Greek myth of Pygmalion, the sculptor who fell so much in love with the perfectly beautiful statue he created that the statue came ...
Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, [1] is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. [1][2][3] Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or that ...
Psychology. Object permanence is the understanding that whether an object can be sensed has no effect on whether it continues to exist (in the mind). This is a fundamental concept studied in the field of developmental psychology, the subfield of psychology that addresses the development of young children's social and mental capacities.
Heuristic (psychology) Heuristics (from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω, heurískō, "I find, discover") is the process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at decisions. Heuristics are simple strategies that humans, animals, [1][2][3] organizations, [4] and even machines [5] use to quickly form judgments, make decisions, and find ...
Egocentrism refers to difficulty differentiating between self and other. More specifically, it is difficulty in accurately perceiving and understanding perspectives other than one's own. [1] Egocentrism is found across the life span: in infancy, [2] early childhood, [3][4] adolescence, [5] and adulthood. [3][6] Although egocentric behaviors are ...