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e. Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, [ 1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood .
Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come ...
Parten recognized six different types of play: Unoccupied (play) – when the child is not playing, just observing. A child may be standing in one spot or performing random movements. [ 2] Solitary (independent) play – when the child is alone and maintains focus on its activity. Such a child is uninterested in or is unaware of what others are ...
a want and need to feel in control. a desire to gain a feeling of power over others in order to raise their perception of self-esteem. furtherance of cult dynamics in recruiting or retaining followers [ 38] boredom, or growing tired of one's surroundings; seeing manipulation as a game more than hurting others.
A loss of $0.05 is perceived with a much greater utility loss than the utility increase of a comparable gain. Loss aversion is a psychological and economic concept, [ 1] which refers to how outcomes are interpreted as gains and losses where losses are subject to more sensitivity in people's responses compared to equivalent gains acquired. [ 2]
Psychoanalysis. In Freudian psychoanalysis, the phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual development, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the infant's libido (desire) centers upon their genitalia as the erogenous zone. When children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents ...
Meaning-making. In psychology, meaning-making is the process of how people construe, understand, or make sense of life events, relationships, and the self. [ 1] The term is widely used in constructivist approaches to counseling psychology and psychotherapy, [ 2] especially during bereavement in which people attribute some sort of meaning to an ...
Play (activity) Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreational pleasure and enjoyment. [ 1] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .