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The frost line —also known as frost depth or freezing depth —is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the climatic conditions of an area, the heat transfer properties of the soil and adjacent materials, and on nearby heat sources. For example, snow cover and asphalt ...
The 2021 Western North America heat wave was an extreme heat wave that affected much of Western North America from late June through mid-July 2021. [5] The heat wave affected Northern California, Idaho, Western Nevada, Oregon, and Washington in the United States, as well as British Columbia, and in its latter phase, Alberta, Manitoba, the Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, and Yukon, all in ...
Hot water reset. Hot water reset, also called outdoor reset ( ODR ), is an energy-saving automatic control algorithm for heating boilers that are typically fired with fuel oil or natural gas. A hot water reset control loop measures the outside air temperature; this information is used to estimate demand or heating load as the outdoor ...
2023 Canadian wildfires. Beginning in March 2023, and with increased intensity starting in June, Canada was affected by a record-setting series of wildfires. All 13 provinces and territories were affected, with large fires in Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec.
Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, and Greenwood, British Columbia. 42.2 °C (108 °F) Rocky Mountain House, Alberta. −53.3 °C (−64 °F) 1928. Lillooet, British Columbia and Greenwood, British Columbia. 41.7 °C (107 °F) Vanderhoof, British Columbia & Fort Vermilion, Alberta.
Aquastat. An aquastat is a device used in hydronic heating systems for controlling water temperature. [1] [2] To prevent the boiler from firing too frequently, aquastats have a high limit temperature and a low limit. If the thermostat is calling for heat, the boiler will fire until the high limit is reached, then shut off (even if the ...
The Biden administration in July proposed heat protections that would mandate employers provide indoor or shaded rest areas, drinking water and breaks once temperatures surpass 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
Since August 2004, a deep lake water cooling system has been operated by the Enwave Energy Corporation in Toronto, Ontario. [4] It draws water from Lake Ontario through tubes extending 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) into the lake, reaching to a depth of 83 metres (272 ft) where the water is maintained at a constant 4 °C, its temperature protected by a ...