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t. e. The Native American Church ( NAC ), also known as Peyotism and Peyote Religion, is a syncretic Native American religion that teaches a combination of traditional Native American beliefs and elements of Christianity, especially pertaining to the Ten Commandments, with sacramental use of the entheogen peyote. [2]
The peyote (/ p eɪ ˈ oʊ t i /; Lophophora williamsii / l ə ˈ f ɒ f ə r ə w ɪ l i ˈ æ m z i aɪ /) is a small, spineless cactus which contains psychoactive alkaloids, [2] particularly mescaline (see also: cactus alkaloids). [3] Peyote is a Spanish word derived from the Nahuatl peyōtl ([ˈpejoːt͡ɬ]), meaning "caterpillar cocoon ...
I §§ 1996 & 1996a. The American Indian Religious Freedom Act, Public Law No. 95–341, 92 Stat. 469 (Aug. 11, 1978) (commonly abbreviated to AIRFA), codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1996, is a United States federal law, enacted by joint resolution of the Congress in 1978. Prior to the act, many aspects of Native American religions and sacred ...
Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), is a United States Supreme Court case that held that the state could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote even though the use of the drug was part of a religious ritual.
A flowering peyote cactus The Peyote Religion (legally termed and more properly known as the Native American Church ), also sometimes called the "Peyote Road" or the "Peyote Way", is a religious tradition involving the ceremonial and sacred use of Lophophora williamsii ( peyote ). [ 29 ]
Often, government projects required acquisition of sacred grounds necessary for Native American rituals. Ritual peyote use infringed on the federal war on drugs . And the American Indian Religious Freedom Act , which Congress had passed to protect tribal religious freedoms, lacked an enforcement mechanism.
Carlisle alumni, founding conference of the National Congress of American Indians, 1944. The Society of American Indians was the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for American Indians and pioneered twentieth century Pan-Indianism. The Society was a twentieth century forum for a new generation of American Indian leaders.
In 1918 peyote practitioners, facing a government crackdown, organised themselves into the Native American Church, hoping that as a formal organisation the US would be forced to recognize peyote as a legitimate religion. In the Church, members consume peyote and then sing and pray to God throughout the night.