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The anion gap is a calculated measure. It is computed with a formula that uses the results of several individual lab tests, each of which measures the concentration of a specific anion or cation. The concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents / liter (mEq/L) or in millimoles/litre (mmol/L).
High anion gap metabolic acidosis. High anion gap metabolic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap (a medical value based on the concentrations of ions in a patient's serum). Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.
Generally, metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid (e.g., lactic acidosis, see below section), there is a loss of bicarbonate from the blood, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. Chronic metabolic acidosis is most often caused by a decreased capacity of the kidneys to excrete excess acids ...
Base excess is defined as the amount of strong acid that must be added to each liter of fully oxygenated blood to return the pH to 7.40 at a temperature of 37°C and a pCO 2 of 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa). [ 2] A base deficit (i.e., a negative base excess) can be correspondingly defined by the amount of strong base that must be added.
The urine anion gap is an 'artificial' and calculated measure that is representative of the unmeasured ions in urine. Usually the most important unmeasured ion in urine is NH 4+ since it is the most important form of acid excretion by the kidney. [ 5] Urine NH 4+ is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the ...
Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase in plasma chloride concentration [ 1] (see anion gap for a fuller explanation). Although plasma anion gap is normal, this condition is often associated with an increased urine anion gap, due ...
Normal anion gap acidosis. Other names. Non-anion gap acidosis. Specialty. Endocrinology, nephrology. Normal anion gap acidosis is an acidosis that is not accompanied by an abnormally increased anion gap . The most common cause of normal anion gap acidosis is diarrhea with a renal tubular acidosis being a distant second.
Delta ratio. In nephrology, the delta ratio, or " delta-delta " (denoted Δ/Δ ), is a formula that can be used to evaluate whether a mixed acid–base disorder ( metabolic acidosis) is present, and if so, assess its severity. The anion gap (AG) without potassium is calculated first and if a metabolic acidosis is present, results in either a ...