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Transfusion-dependent anemia is a form of anemia characterized by the need for continuous blood transfusion. It is a condition that results from various diseases, and is associated with decreased survival rates. [1] [2] Regular transfusion is required to reduce the symptoms of anemia by increasing functional red blood cells and hemoglobin count ...
163 million (2017) [ 8] Major depressive disorder ( MDD ), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder [ 9] characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, [ 10] the term was adopted ...
A major depressive episode ( MDE) is a period characterized by symptoms of major depressive disorder. Those affected primarily exhibit a depressive mood for at least two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Other symptoms can include feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety, worthlessness, guilt ...
Multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease in which the myelin sheaths of cells in the brain and spinal cord are irreparably damaged. Symptoms of depression are very common in patients at all stages of the disease and may be exacerbated by medical treatments, notably interferon beta-1a.
Dysthymia. Dysthymia ( / dɪsˈθaɪmiə / dihs-THIY-mee-uh ), also known as persistent depressive disorder ( PDD ), [ 3] is a mental and behavioral disorder, [ 5] specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms. [ 3][ 6][ 7] The ...
A myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells. [ 3] Early on, no symptoms typically are seen. [ 3] Later, symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, bleeding disorders, anemia, or frequent infections ...
6% (< 60 years old), 20% (> 60 years old) [ 4] Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [ 5] Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [ 1] Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [ 1]
Folate deficiency, also known as vitamin B9 deficiency, is a low level of folate and derivatives in the body. [ 1] This may result in megaloblastic anemia in which red blood cells become abnormally large, and folate deficiency anemia is the term given for this medical condition. [ 3] Signs of folate deficiency are often subtle. [ 4]