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Frequency. 0.3–0.4% (USA) [8] Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, constipation, slow ...
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. [3] Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [5]
At the cellular level, T 3 is the body's more active and potent thyroid hormone. T 3 helps deliver oxygen and energy to all of the body's cells, its effects on target tissues being roughly four times more potent than those of T 4. Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T 3, whereas 80% is produced as T 4.
The thyroid hormones cross the follicular cell membrane towards the blood vessels by an unknown mechanism. Text books have stated that diffusion is the main means of transport, [35] but recent studies indicate that monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and 10 play major roles in the efflux of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid cells.
Radioiodine therapy, medications, thyroid surgery [1] Frequency. 0.5% (males), 3% (females) [5] Graves disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter or Basedow’s disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. [1] It frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. [5] It also often results in an enlarged ...
Heat intolerance is a symptom characterized by feeling overheated in warm environments or when the surrounding environment's temperature rises. [1] Typically, the person feels uncomfortably hot and sweats excessively. Compared to heat illnesses like heatstroke, heat intolerance is usually a symptom of endocrine disorders, drugs, or other ...
Thyroid function tests ( TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid. [1] TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy ...
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis ( HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland .