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20 per 100,000 per year [ 3 ][ 5 ] A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. [ 3 ] Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. [ 2 ] In a minority of cases, a one-way valve is formed by an area of damaged tissue, and the amount of ...
The blood–air barrier or air–blood barrier, ( alveolar–capillary barrier or membrane) exists in the gas exchanging region of the lungs. It exists to prevent air bubbles from forming in the blood, and from blood entering the alveoli. It is formed by the type I pneumocytes of the alveolar wall, the endothelial cells of the capillaries and ...
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Hypoxemia refers to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Thus any cause that influences the rate or volume of air entering the lungs ( ventilation) or any cause that influences the transfer of air from the lungs to the blood may cause hypoxemia. As well as these respiratory causes, cardiovascular causes such as shunts may also result in hypoxemia.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm. The most common type of CDH is a Bochdalek hernia; other types include Morgagni hernia, diaphragm eventration and central tendon defects of the diaphragm. Malformation of the diaphragm allows the abdominal organs to push into the chest cavity, hindering proper lung ...
Dx and Sin stand for "right" and "left" respectively. A chest radiograph, chest X-ray ( CXR ), or chest film is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are the most common film taken in medicine.
The celiac artery is the first major branch of the descending abdominal aorta, branching at a 90° angle. [ 1][ 2] This occurs just below the crus of the diaphragm. [ 2] This is around the first lumbar vertebra. [ 3] There are three main divisions of the celiac artery, and each in turn has its own named branches: Artery.
Thoracic diaphragm. The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm ( / ˈdaɪəfræm /; [ 1] Ancient Greek: διάφραγμα, romanized : diáphragma, lit. 'partition'), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle [ 2] in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm is the most important muscle of ...