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МММ was a Russian company that perpetrated one of the world's largest Ponzi schemes of all time. By different estimates from 5 to 40 million people lost up to $10 billion. The company started attracting money from private investors, promising annual returns of up to 1,000%.
A Ponzi scheme ( / ˈpɒnzi /, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. [ 1] Named after Italian businessman Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business ...
Scams and confidence tricks are difficult to classify, because they change often and often contain elements of more than one type. Throughout this list, the perpetrator of the confidence trick is called the "con artist" or simply "artist", and the intended victim is the "mark".
1. Charles Ponzi, the Original Ponzi Scheme Charles Ponzi gave his name to the now notorious term “Ponzi scheme.” His massive money scam is one of the most notable in history, and yet it began ...
BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012) Equinox International (dissolved in 2001) European Grouping of Marketing Professionals /CEDIPAC SA (dissolved in 1995) European Home Retail (dissolved in 2007) Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved in 2013)
The 162-page list of clients (without investment amount), filed in United States bankruptcy court in Manhattan, was made public on February 4, 2009. [3] [4] [5] Some of the clients profited. [6] Thousands of individual investors of Fairfield Greenwich, J. Ezra Merkin's Ascot Partners, and Chais Investments are not included. [7]
The total amounted to more than $64.8 billion, according to The New York Times. In 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to his Ponzi scheme. He died in prison of kidney ...
Nick Leeson, English trader whose unsupervised speculative trading caused the collapse of Barings Bank [ 43] James Paul Lewis, Jr., ran one of the biggest ($311 million) and longest running Ponzi schemes (20 years) in U.S. history [ 44] Victor Lustig, con artist known as "the man who sold the Eiffel Tower ".