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Pharmacokinetics is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism.
Chagai-I. The Pakistan's Chagai-I nuclear test series was a single nuclear test conducted in 1998. These five devices constitute a single salvo test under the definition of "test" in List of nuclear weapons tests . / 28.79273; 64.94565 ( Chagai 1 - 1) Boosted fission device.
A test point is a location within an electronic circuit that is used to either monitor the state of the circuitry or to inject test signals. [ 1] Test points have three primary uses: During development they are used to analyze hardware behavior. This allows characterization of circuit boards (e.g. power consumption, bus bandwidth), validation ...
Central to PK/PD models is the concentration-effect or exposure-response relationship. [4] A variety of PK/PD modeling approaches exist to describe exposure-response relationships. PK/PD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model. [5]
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Trough level. In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration ( Ctrough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, [1] [2] often used in therapeutic drug monitoring. The name comes from the idea that on a graph of concentration versus time, the line forms a U-shaped trough at ...
The prothrombin time ( PT) – along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio ( PR) and international normalized ratio ( INR) – is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. This blood test is also called protime INR and PT/INR. They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in such ...
M2-PK, as measured in feces, is a potential tumor marker for colorectal cancer. When measured in feces with a cutoff value of 4 U/ml, its sensitivity has been estimated to be 85% (with a 95% confidence interval of 65 to 96%) for colon cancer and 56% (confidence interval 41–74%) for rectal cancer. [1] Its specificity is 95%.