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2. r - Why use as.factor() instead of just factor() - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/39279238

   ‘factor(x, exclude = NULL)’ applied to a factor without ‘NA’s is a no-operation unless there are unused levels: in that case, a factor with the reduced level set is returned. ‘as.factor’ coerces its argument to a factor. It is an abbreviated (sometimes faster) form of ‘factor’. Performance: as.factor > factor when input is a factor

3. r - Changing factor levels with dplyr mutate - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/28190435

   From my understanding, the currently accepted answer only changes the order of the factor levels, not the actual labels (i.e., how the levels of the factor are called). To illustrate the difference between levels and labels , consider the following example:

4. r - How to convert a factor to integer\numeric without loss of...

   stackoverflow.com/questions/3418128

   But annoyingly, there is nothing to handle the factor -> numeric conversion. As an extension of Joshua Ulrich's answer, I would suggest to overcome this omission with the definition of your own idiomatic function: as.double.factor <- function(x) {as.numeric(levels(x))[x]}

5. How to force R to use a specified factor level as reference in a...

   stackoverflow.com/questions/3872070

   When creating the factor from b you can specify the ordering of the levels using factor(b, levels = c(3,1,2,4,5)). Do this in a data processing step outside the lm() call though. My answer below uses the relevel() function so you can create a factor and then shift the reference level around to suit as you need to. –

6. Convert data.frame column format from character to factor

   stackoverflow.com/questions/9251326

   I would like to change the format (class) of some columns of my data.frame object (mydf) from charactor to factor. I don't want to do this when I'm reading the text file by read.table() function. ...

7. What are the differences between a factor and a vector in R?

   stackoverflow.com/questions/74695881

   We commonly use c() to create a vector, but note that even something as simple as x <- "a" or y <- 0 will create a vector, which happens to be of length 1. A factor is a very specific type of vector that is an odd mix of numeric and character, which at first glance seems like a character, but under the hood is actually numeric.

8. when to use factor () when plotting with ggplot in R?

   stackoverflow.com/questions/15070738

   ggplot(mtcars) + geom_point(aes(x=mpg, y=drat, colour=gear)) This communicates a continuum of points, and it's thus not ideal for a set of separate possibilities. (Indeed, once you get to five or six possibilities the colors can be hard to distinguish from each other). When gears is treated like a factor, the colors are chosen to be ...

9. r - How to reorder factor levels in a tidy way? - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com/questions/45148897

   All arrange does is re-order rows, this has no effect on the levels of the factor and hence no effect on the order of a legend or axis in ggplot. All factors have an order for their levels. The difference between an ordered = TRUE factor and a regular factor is how the contrasts are set up in a model.

10. How do I convert certain columns of a data frame to become...

    stackoverflow.com/questions/13613913

    Using a factor will require that all values are mapped to IDs behind the scenes, so any print of your data.frame requires a lookup on those levels -- an extra step which takes time. Factors are great when storing strings which you don't want to store repeatedly, but would rather reference by their ID.

11. types - R: use of factor - Stack Overflow

    stackoverflow.com/questions/8652694

    Factors vs character vectors when manipulating dataframes: When manipulating dataframes, however, character vectors and factors are treated very differently. Some information on the annoyances of R & factors can be found on the Quantum Forest blog, R pitfall #3: friggin’ factors. Its useful to use stringsAsFactors = FALSE when reading data in ...