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  2. Transmission electron cryomicroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_cryo...

    Transmission electron cryomicroscopy ( CryoTEM ), commonly known as cryo-EM, is a form of cryogenic electron microscopy, more specifically a type of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures (generally liquid-nitrogen temperatures). [1] Cryo-EM, specifically 3-dimensional electron microscopy ( 3DEM ), is gaining popularity in structural ...

  3. Stefan–Boltzmann law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan–Boltzmann_law

    For an ideal absorber/emitter or black body, the Stefan–Boltzmann law states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area per unit time (also known as the radiant exitance) is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body's temperature, T : The constant of proportionality, , is called the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.

  4. Cryogenic electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_electron_microscopy

    Cryogenic electron microscopy ( cryo-EM) is a cryomicroscopy technique applied on samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. For biological specimens, the structure is preserved by embedding in an environment of vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane. [1] While development of the technique ...

  5. Cryomicroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryomicroscopy

    Cryomicroscopy is a technique in which a microscope is equipped in such a fashion that the object intended to be inspected can be cooled to below room temperature. Technically, cryomicroscopy implies compatibility between a cryostat and a microscope. Most cryostats make use of a cryogenic fluid such as liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. There exists two common motivations for performing a ...

  6. Oil immersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_immersion

    In light microscopy, oil immersion is a technique used to increase the resolving power of a microscope. This is achieved by immersing both the objective lens and the specimen in a transparent oil of high refractive index, thereby increasing the numerical aperture of the objective lens. Without oil, light waves reflect off the slide specimen ...

  7. Scanning transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_transmission...

    A scanning transmission electron microscope ( STEM) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pronunciation is [stɛm] or [ɛsti:i:ɛm]. As with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM), images are formed by electrons passing through a sufficiently thin specimen. However, unlike CTEM, in STEM the electron beam is focused to a fine spot (with the typical spot size 0.05 ...

  8. Transmission electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron...

    Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument to capture fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands of times smaller than a resolvable object seen in a light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy is ...

  9. Scanning thermal microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_thermal_microscopy

    Scanning thermal microscopy ( SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal conductivity of an interface. The probe in a scanning thermal microscope is sensitive to local temperatures – providing a nano-scale thermometer. Thermal measurements at the nanometer scale are of both scientific and ...