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The oldest known example of the Geʽez script is the Hawulti obelisk in Matara, Eritrea. [5] By the first centuries CE, [ clarification needed ] what is called "Old Ethiopic" or the "Old Geʻez writing system" arose, an abjad written right-to-left [6] (as opposed to boustrophedon like ESA) with letters basically identical to the first-order ...
The clerical script (隶书; 隸書 lìshū)—sometimes called official, draft, or scribal script—is popularly thought to have developed in the Han dynasty and to have come directly from seal script, but recent archaeological discoveries and scholarship indicate that it instead developed from a roughly executed and rectilinear popular or "vulgar" variant of the seal script as well as seal ...
Oracle bone script fragment featuring a character for 'spring' in the top-left which has no known modern descendant. Some characters are only attested in the oracle bone script, dropping out of later usage and usually being replaced by newer characters. An example is a fragment bearing character for 'spring' that has no known modern counterpart.
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Clerical scripts with these features are called 'Han script' (汉隶; 漢隸) or bafen (八分) script. The style of bafen script is the basis of most of the later clerical-style calligraphy. The most mature form of the bafen script can be found in the late Eastern Han dynasty, with "carefully and neatly executed" inscriptions on stelae.
The word Lipī ( 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀻) used by Ashoka to describe his "Edicts". Brahmi script (Li= 𑀮 La+ 𑀺 i; pī= 𑀧 Pa+ 𑀻 ii). The word would be of Old Persian origin ("Dipi"). Pāṇini (6th to 4th century BCE) mentions lipi, the Indian word for writing scripts in his definitive work on Sanskrit grammar, the Ashtadhyayi.
Brahmic scripts descended from the Brahmi script. Brahmi is clearly attested from the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka, who used the script for imperial edicts. Northern Brahmi gave rise to the Gupta script during the Gupta period, which in turn diversified into a number of cursives during the medieval period.
Proto-writing and ideographic systems. Ideographic scripts (in which graphemes are ideograms representing concepts or ideas rather than a specific word in a language) and pictographic scripts (in which the graphemes are iconic pictures) are not thought to be able to express all that can be communicated by language, as argued by the linguists John DeFrancis and J. Marshall Unger.