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Otherwise, 5b 1 + a 3 is blue. Since a 3 ≤ 5, 5b 1 + a 3 is in the b 1 block, and since the b 2 block is colored identically, 5b 2 + a 3 is also blue. Now let b 3 = 2b 2 − b 1. Then b 3 ≤ 64. Consider the integer 5b 3 + a 3, which must be ≤ 325. What color is it? If it is red, then 5b 1 + a 1, 5b 2 + a 2, and 5b 3 + a 3 form a red ...
[3] The divergence of the harmonic series was first proven in 1350 by Nicole Oresme. [2] [4] Oresme's work, and the contemporaneous work of Richard Swineshead on a different series, marked the first appearance of infinite series other than the geometric series in mathematics. [5] However, this achievement fell into obscurity. [6]
The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, concerning an infinite sum of inverse squares. It was first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734, [1] and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. [2] Since the problem had withstood the attacks of ...
The central binomial coefficients give the number of possible number of assignments of n -a-side sports teams from 2 n players, taking into account the playing area side. The central binomial coefficient is the number of arrangements where there are an equal number of two types of objects. For example, when , the binomial coefficient is equal ...
The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple[ 1] or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower[ 2] and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle[ 3]) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of various diameters, which can slide onto any rod. The puzzle begins with the disks stacked on ...
Bertrand's postulate was proposed for applications to permutation groups. Sylvester (1814–1897) generalized the weaker statement with the statement: the product of k consecutive integers greater than k is divisible by a prime greater than k. Bertrand's (weaker) postulate follows from this by taking k = n, and considering the k numbers n + 1 ...
Harmonic number. The harmonic number with (red line) with its asymptotic limit (blue line) where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. In mathematics, the n -th harmonic number is the sum of the reciprocals of the first n natural numbers : Starting from n = 1, the sequence of harmonic numbers begins:
The Catalan numbers can be interpreted as a special case of the Bertrand's ballot theorem. Specifically, is the number of ways for a candidate A with n+1 votes to lead candidate B with n votes. The two-parameter sequence of non-negative integers is a generalization of the Catalan numbers.