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Binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a binary encoded representation of integer values that uses a 4-bit nibble to encode decimal digits. Four binary bits can encode up to 16 distinct values; but, in BCD-encoded numbers, only ten values in each nibble are legal, and encode the decimal digits zero, through nine. The remaining six values are illegal and ...
Mathematical definition. In mathematical terms, the extended binary Golay code G24 consists of a 12-dimensional linear subspace W of the space V = F24. 2 of 24-bit words such that any two distinct elements of W differ in at least 8 coordinates. W is called a linear code because it is a vector space. In all, W comprises 4096 = 212 elements.
Pseudorandom noise. In cryptography, pseudorandom noise ( PRN[ 1]) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness. Although it seems to lack any definite pattern, pseudorandom noise consists of a deterministic sequence of pulses that will repeat itself after its period.
Repeating decimal. A repeating decimal or recurring decimal is a decimal representation of a number whose digits are eventually periodic (that is, after some place, the same sequence of digits is repeated forever); if this sequence consists only of zeros (that is if there is only a finite number of nonzero digits), the decimal is said to be ...
In standard coding theory notation for block codes, the Hadamard code is a [,,]-code, that is, it is a linear code over a binary alphabet, has block length, message length (or dimension) , and minimum distance /. The block length is very large compared to the message length, but on the other hand, errors can be corrected even in extremely noisy ...
The QR code system was invented in 1994, at the Denso Wave automotive products company, in Japan. [5] [6] [7] The initial alternating-square design presented by the team of researchers, headed by Masahiro Hara, was influenced by the black counters and the white counters played on a Go board; [8] the pattern of position detection was found and determined by applying the least-used ratio (1:1:3 ...
Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1][ 2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
A binary number is a number expressed in the base -2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols for the natural numbers: typically "0" ( zero) and "1" ( one ). A binary number may also refer to a rational number that has a finite representation in the binary numeral system, that is, the ...