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Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). SAM is a category, composed of two conditions: marasmus and kwashiorkor. [ 9] Both kwashiorkor and marasmus fall under the umbrella of protein–energy malnutrition (PEM). [ 10] These diseases are oftentimes discussed together, but are distinctly separate conditions of malnutrition.
Endocrinology. Protein–energy undernutrition ( PEU ), once called protein-energy malnutrition ( PEM ), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy ( calories) in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
Deaths. 406,000 from nutritional deficiencies (2015) [ 10] Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [ 11][ 12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Refeeding syndrome ( RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the ...
This is an extreme example of how malnutrition can result in hypoalbuminemia. [3] More typical is malnutrition-associated hypoalbuminemia in the elderly, who appear thin and frail but not with the rounded abdomen and edema seen in Kwashiorkor. Albumin is an acute negative phase respondent and not a reliable indicator of nutrition status. [10]
Pediatrics. Failure to thrive ( FTT ), also known as weight faltering or faltering growth, indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children. [ 2][ 3] FTT is usually defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight. [ 4]
Malnutrition. This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes E40-E46 within Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases should be included in this category.
Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality. This may lead to malnutrition and a variety of anaemias. [ 1]