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A direct-shift gearbox ( DSG, German: Direktschaltgetriebe[ 1]) [ 2][ 3] is an electronically controlled, dual-clutch, [ 2] multiple-shaft, automatic gearbox, in either a transaxle or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated clutch operation, and with fully-automatic [ 2] or semi-manual gear ...
Volkswagen K70. Successor. Volkswagen ID.7 (saloon) The Volkswagen Passat is a nameplate of large family cars (D-segment) manufactured and marketed by the German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen since 1973 and alson marketed variously as the Dasher, Santana, Quantum, Magotan, Corsar and Carat — in saloon, estate, and hatchback body styles.
Ngspice[ 2][ 3][ 4] is an open-source mixed-level/ mixed-signal electronic circuit simulator. It is a successor of the latest stable release of Berkeley SPICE, version 3f.5, which was released in 1993. A small group of maintainers and the user community contribute to the ngspice project by providing new features, enhancements and bug fixes.
List of free analog and digital electronic circuit simulators, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and comparing against UC Berkeley SPICE. The following table is split into two groups based on whether it has a graphical visual interface or not. The later requires a separate program to provide that feature, such as Qucs-S, [ 1] Oregano, [ 2 ...
The 1.8 L petrol engine in the Passat and Audi A4 has a lower oil capacity than transverse applications of the same engine (4.6 US quarts (4.4 L) in transverse, 4.3 US quarts (4.1 L) longitudinal). Three transmission options were available: a 5-speed manual, a 6-speed manual (codename 01E), and a 5-speed automatic transmission with tiptronic ...
LTspice is a SPICE -based analog electronic circuit simulator computer software, produced by semiconductor manufacturer Analog Devices (originally by Linear Technology ). [ 2] It is the most widely distributed and used SPICE software in the industry. [ 6] Though it is freeware, [ 4][ 5] LTspice is not artificially restricted to limit its ...
Noise control is an active or passive means of reducing sound emissions, often for personal comfort, environmental considerations, or legal compliance. Active noise control is sound reduction using a power source. Passive noise control is sound reduction by noise-isolating materials such as insulation, sound-absorbing tiles, or a muffler rather ...
Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...