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Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability (prone to clotting) disorder amongst ethnic Europeans. [3] [4] [5] It is named after the Dutch city of Leiden , where it was first identified in 1994 by Rogier Maria Bertina under the direction of (and in the laboratory of) Pieter Hendrick Reitsma. [6]
The thereby activated factor V (now called FVa) is a cofactor of the prothrombinase complex: The activated factor X (FXa) enzyme requires calcium and activated factor V (FVa) to convert prothrombin to thrombin on the cell surface membrane. Factor Va is degraded by activated protein C, one of the principal physiological inhibitors of coagulation.
Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are often damaged or deformed in these disorders. [2] The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and ...
6.3 million (2015) [12] Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. [5] There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. [5] Both cause parts of the brain to stop functioning ...
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting") is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss.
Antiphospholipid syndrome, or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome ( APS or APLS ), is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies. APS can lead to blood clots ( thrombosis) in both arteries and veins, pregnancy-related complications, and other symptoms like low platelets, kidney disease, heart disease, and rash.
6947. Iron-deficiency anemia (or iron deficiency anaemia) is a common anemia that occurs when iron loss (often from intestinal bleeding or menses) occurs, and/or the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient. In such a state, hemoglobin, which contains iron, cannot be formed. [5] Plummer–Vinson syndrome.
Bernard–Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex (GPIb-IX-V), the receptor for von Willebrand factor. [5] The incidence of BSS is estimated to be less than 1 case per million persons, based on cases reported from Europe, North America, and Japan.