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The FMA instruction set is an extension to the 128 and 256-bit Streaming SIMD Extensions instructions in the x86 microprocessor instruction set to perform fused multiply–add (FMA) operations. [ 1] There are two variants: FMA4 is supported in AMD processors starting with the Bulldozer architecture. FMA4 was performed in hardware before FMA3 was.
AES-NI (or the Intel Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions; AES-NI) was the first major implementation. AES-NI is an extension to the x86 instruction set architecture for microprocessors from Intel and AMD proposed by Intel in March 2008. [2] A wider version of AES-NI, AVX-512 Vector AES instructions (VAES), is found in AVX-512. [3]
Multiply–accumulate operation. In computing, especially digital signal processing, the multiply–accumulate ( MAC) or multiply-add ( MAD) operation is a common step that computes the product of two numbers and adds that product to an accumulator. The hardware unit that performs the operation is known as a multiplier–accumulator ( MAC unit ...
Advanced Matrix Extensions. Advanced Matrix Extensions ( AMX ), also known as Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions ( Intel AMX ), are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) for microprocessors from Intel designed to work on matrices to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) workloads. [1]
Advanced Vector Extensions 2 (AVX2), also known as Haswell New Instructions, [ 24] is an expansion of the AVX instruction set introduced in Intel's Haswell microarchitecture. AVX2 makes the following additions: expansion of most vector integer SSE and AVX instructions to 256 bits. Gather support, enabling vector elements to be loaded from non ...
Streaming SIMD Extensions. In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions ( SSE) is a single instruction, multiple data ( SIMD) instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series of central processing units (CPUs) shortly after the appearance of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD's) 3DNow!.
CLMUL instruction set. Carry-less Multiplication ( CLMUL) is an extension to the x86 instruction set used by microprocessors from Intel and AMD which was proposed by Intel in March 2008 [1] and made available in the Intel Westmere processors announced in early 2010. Mathematically, the instruction implements multiplication of polynomials over ...
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms ( BLAS) is a specification that prescribes a set of low-level routines for performing common linear algebra operations such as vector addition, scalar multiplication, dot products, linear combinations, and matrix multiplication. They are the de facto standard low-level routines for linear algebra libraries; the ...