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  2. Biodynamic wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodynamic_wine

    Biodynamic wines are wines made employing the biodynamic methods both to grow the fruit and during the post-harvest processing. Biodynamic wine production uses organic farming methods (e.g., employing compost as fertilizer and avoiding most pesticides) while also employing soil supplements prepared according to Rudolf Steiner's formulas, following a planting calendar that depends upon ...

  3. Winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winemaking

    Winemaking. Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine -making stretches over millennia.

  4. Vitis vinifera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_vinifera

    Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. [ 2] As of 2012, there were between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes though only a few are of ...

  5. Tannin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannin

    Tannins are mainly physically located in the vacuoles or surface wax of plants. These storage sites keep tannins active against plant predators, but also keep some tannins from affecting plant metabolism while the plant tissue is alive. Tannins are classified as ergastic substances, i.e., non-protoplasm materials found in cells.

  6. Glossary of wine terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms

    The glossary of wine terms lists the definitions of many general terms used within the wine industry. For terms specific to viticulture, winemaking, grape varieties, and wine tasting, see the topic specific list in the "See also" section below. An Italian term for full-bodied wines with medium-level sweetness.

  7. Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( / ˌsɛrəˈvɪsi.iː /) ( brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes.

  8. Yeast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast

    Brettanomyces produces an array of metabolites when growing in wine, some of which are volatile phenolic compounds. Together, these compounds are often referred to as "Brettanomyces character", and are often described as "antiseptic" or "barnyard" type aromas. Brettanomyces is a significant contributor to wine faults within the wine industry. [75]

  9. Acids in wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acids_in_wine

    Acetic acid is a two- carbon organic acid produced in wine during or after the fermentation period. It is the most volatile of the primary acids associated with wine and is responsible for the sour taste of vinegar. During fermentation, activity by yeast cells naturally produces a small amount of acetic acid.