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Diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus ( DI) (arginine vasopressin disorder), alternately called arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) or arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R), [ 5] is a condition characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst. [ 1] The amount of urine produced can be nearly 20 liters per day. [ 1]
Polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. Central diabetes insipidus, recently renamed arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), [ 1] is a form of diabetes insipidus that is due to a lack of vasopressin (ADH) production in the brain. Vasopressin acts to increase the volume of blood (intravascularly), and decrease the volume of urine produced.
Persons with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus must consume enough fluids to equal the amount of urine produced. Any underlying cause such as high blood calcium must be corrected to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The first line of treatment is hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. [10] Patients may also consider a low-salt and low-protein diet.
Fluid deprivation test. A fluid or water deprivation test is a medical test [ 1] which can be used to determine whether the patient has diabetes insipidus as opposed to other causes of polydipsia (a condition of excessive thirst that causes an excessive intake of water). The patient is required, for a prolonged period, to forgo intake of water ...
Wolfram Syndrome Type 2 (WFS2) is a subtype of Wolfram Syndrome caused by a mutation in the CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2 gene ( CISD2 gene). CISD2 is a protein coding gene that is found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and outer mitochondrial membrane. WFS2 is mainly localized in the ER, but studies have also shown that it can ...
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10][ 11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12] Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria ...
Diabetic retinopathy. Often asymptomatic, but can cause spots in the eye and vision loss. Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease ), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who ...
In the absence of diabetes mellitus, the most common causes are the decreased secretion of aldosterone due to adrenal cortical tumor, primary polydipsia (excessive fluid drinking), central diabetes insipidus, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. [6] Polyuria may also be due to various chemical substances, such as diuretics, caffeine, and ethanol.