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Insulation system. The electrical insulation system for wires used in generators, electric motors, transformers, and other wire-wound electrical components is divided into different classes by temperature and temperature rise. The electrical insulation system is sometimes referred to as insulation class or thermal classification.
Operating temperature. An operating temperature is the allowable temperature range of the local ambient environment at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device function and application context, and ranges from the minimum ...
IEC TR 60943 Guidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical equipment, in particular for terminals; IEC 60944 Guide for the maintenance of silicone transformer liquids; IEC 60945 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – General requirements – Methods of testing and required test results
The one-hour rating is typically about 10% higher than the continuous rating and is limited by the temperature rise in the motor. As traction motors use a reduction gear setup to transfer torque from the motor armature to the driven axle, the actual load placed on the motor varies with the gear ratio.
The hot cylinder is situated inside the high-temperature heat exchanger and the cold cylinder is situated inside the low-temperature heat exchanger. This type of engine has a high power-to-volume ratio but has technical problems because of the usually high temperature of the hot piston and the durability of its seals. [ 52 ]
Motor velocity constant, back EMF constant. is the motor velocity, or motor speed, [ 2] constant (not to be confused with kV, the symbol for kilovolt ), measured in revolutions per minute (RPM) per volt or radians per volt second, rad/V·s: [ 3] The rating of a brushless motor is the ratio of the motor's unloaded rotational speed (measured in ...
IEC 60269 unifies the electrical characteristics of fuses that are dimensionally interchangeable with fuses built to earlier British, German, French or Italian standards. [ 2] The standard identifies application categories which classify the time-current characteristic of each type of fuse. The application category is a two-digit code.
Computer cooling. A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background. A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components. Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.