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The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil. The classification system can be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a two-letter symbol.
Unified soil classification system is adopted by ASTM D-2487-98 and IS: 1498-1970 for classification and identification of soils for general engineering purpose.
The USCS classifies soils into various groups based on their particle size distribution, mineralogy, and plasticity characteristics. The system uses two-letter symbols to represent the major soil groups and additional symbols to indicate specific properties.
The USCS is based on engineering properties of a soil; it is most appropriate for earthwork construction. The classification and description requirements are easily associated with actual soils, and the system is flexible enough to be adaptable for both field and laboratory use.
The Unified soil classification system was first introduced by Casagrande and was adopted for the first time by the Corps of Engineers of the United States of America in 1942. A unified classification of soils is the most commonly adopted classification system of soil for engineering purposes.
The Unified Soil Classification System uses a two-letter system to name different soil types. The chart below also includes a plasticity chart that is used to determine the classification of fine-grained soils.
The Unified Soil Classification System is based on the airfield classification system developed by A. Casagrande during World War II. With some modification it was jointly adopted by several U.S. government agencies in 1952.
Go To Full Code Chapter. The USCS classifies soils according to their grain size distribution and plasticity. Therefore, only a sieve analysis and Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index) are necessary to classify a soil in this system.
ASTM D2487-17: Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) covers 15 distinct groups and abbreviations for gravel, clay, silts, etc under coarse-grained soils, fine-grained soils, and highly organic soils.
The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), as presented below, offers a widely adopted classification framework. Similar to the AASHTO system, it utilizes grain size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index as its primary classification criteria.