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Atheroma. Atherosclerotic plaque from a carotid endarterectomy specimen. This shows the division of the common into the internal and external carotid arteries. An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall. [ 1][ 2] The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, [ 3][ 4 ...
Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis[ a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [ 8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries. This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types, and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [ 9]
The aorta (/ eɪ ˈ ɔːr t ə / ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
Coronary artery disease ( CAD ), also called coronary heart disease ( CHD ), ischemic heart disease ( IHD ), [ 13] myocardial ischemia, [ 14] or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. [ 5][ 6][ 15] It is the most common of the ...
Acute aortic syndrome ( AAS) describes a range of severe, painful, potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the aorta. [ 1] These include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. [ 2] AAS can be caused by a lesion on the wall of the aorta that involves the tunica media, often in the descending ...
An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement (dilatation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. [ 1] Typically, there are no symptoms except when the aneurysm dissects or ruptures, which causes sudden, severe pain in the abdomen and lower back. [ 2][ 3] The etiology remains an area of active research.
Cardiology. Arteriolosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease involving hardening and loss of elasticity of arterioles or small arteries and is most often associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. [ 1] Types include hyaline arteriolosclerosis and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, [ 2] both involved with vessel wall thickening and ...
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