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Atheroma. Atherosclerotic plaque from a carotid endarterectomy specimen. This shows the division of the common into the internal and external carotid arteries. An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall. [ 1][ 2] The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, [ 3][ 4 ...
Atherosclerosis[ a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [ 8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries. This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types, and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [ 9] These lesions may lead to narrowing of the arterial ...
The internal carotid artery supplies the brain. Plaque often builds up at that division and causes a narrowing (stenosis). Pieces of plaque can break off and block the small arteries above in the brain, which causes a stroke. Plaque can also build up at the origin of the carotid artery at the aorta. [citation needed]
Acute aortic syndrome ( AAS) describes a range of severe, painful, potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the aorta. [ 1] These include aortic dissection, intramural thrombus, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. [ 2] AAS can be caused by a lesion on the wall of the aorta that involves the tunica media, often in the descending ...
The aneurysm is the large bulge in the center of the image. An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. [ 1] Aneurysms may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease.
Aortic unfolding is an abnormality visible on a chest X-ray, that shows widening of the mediastinum which may mimic the appearance of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [ 1 ] With aging, the ascending portion of the thoracic aorta increases in length by approximately 12% per decade, whereas the diameter increases by just 3% per decade.
Cardiology. Arteriolosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease involving hardening and loss of elasticity of arterioles or small arteries and is most often associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. [ 1] Types include hyaline arteriolosclerosis and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, [ 2] both involved with vessel wall thickening and ...
The thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax. It is a continuation of the aortic arch. It is located within the posterior mediastinal cavity, but frequently bulges into the left pleural cavity. The descending thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra and ends in front of the lower border of the ...