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2. Head-driven phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-driven_phrase...

   Head-driven phrase structure grammar ( HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar [1] [2] developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. [3] [4] It is a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar, and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar. HPSG draws from other fields such as ...

3. List of style guides - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_style_guides

   MHRA Style Guide. Microsoft Manual of Style. MLA Handbook. The New York Times Manual. The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules. Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) / Oxford style. Scientific Style and Format (CSE style) Turabian: A Manual for Writers. List of style guide abbreviations.

4. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

   Affirmation and negation. In linguistics and grammar, affirmation ( abbreviated AFF) and negation ( NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses ...

5. English grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

   English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

6. Sentence diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_diagram

   The diagram of a simple sentence begins with a horizontal line called the base. The subjectis written on the left, the predicateon the right, separated by a vertical bar that extends through the base. The predicate must contain a verb, and the verb either requires other sentence elements to complete the predicate, permits them to do so, or ...

7. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

   Phrase structure rules. Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957. [ 1] They are used to break down a natural language sentence into its constituent parts, also known as syntactic ...

8. X-bar theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar_theory

   In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation [1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970 [2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951 [3]), and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974, [4] 1977a, [5] 1977b [6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.

9. Syntax (programming languages) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)

   In computer science, the syntax of a computer language is the rules that define the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language. This applies both to programming languages, where the document represents source code, and to markup languages, where the document represents data.