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Learn how model rocket motors are classified by total impulse into letter-designated ranges, from ⅛ A to O. Find out the specifications, codes, and examples of each class, including G class motors that have 80.01 to 160 newton-seconds of impulse.
Learn how rocket engines use stored propellants to produce thrust by ejecting a high-speed gas jet. Compare different types of rocket engines, such as chemical, nuclear, solid, liquid and hybrid, and their principles of operation and propellant.
Learn how to calculate power-to-weight ratio for engines and vehicles, and see examples of different types of powerplants and their performance. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source, and is equal to thrust per unit mass multiplied by the velocity of any vehicle.
Learn how to calculate the torque constant and the velocity constant of electrical motors using formulas and examples. The torque constant is the torque per ampere and the velocity constant is the speed per volt or radian per volt second.
Learn about the standards, regulations, and terminology for electrical equipment in places where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Zone 1 is an area where ignitable concentrations of flammable gases, vapors or liquids are likely to exist under normal operating conditions.
Learn how engine efficiency is defined, measured, and affected by compression ratio, friction, oxygen, and other variables. Compare different types of thermal engines, such as internal combustion, external combustion, and gas turbine.
Learn about the allowable temperature range of devices and systems, and how it affects their performance and reliability. Find out the factors, grades, standards and examples of operating temperature for different applications and contexts.
Learn about the history, types, and applications of fractional-horsepower motors (FHP), which are electric motors with less than one horsepower output. FHP motors are widely used in automotive, domestic, and industrial sectors, and are exempt from some efficiency regulations.