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A nitrite test is a standard component of a urinary test strip. A positive test for nitrites in the urine is called nitrituria . This test is commonly used in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs). A positive nitrite test indicates that the cause of the UTI is a Gram-negative organism, most commonly Escherichia coli.
A urine test strip or dipstick is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient's urine in standard urinalysis. [ 1] A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.
Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis, [ 1] is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination.
A urine sample that tests positive for both nitrite and leukocyte esterase should be cultured for pathogenic bacteria. [citation needed] "It has been proposed that the reagent strip for leukocyte esterase designed for the testing of urine (Combur test UX) could be a useful tool for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)."
In this test, known as Rothera's test, methyl ketones (CH 3 C(=O)-) under alkaline conditions give bright red coloration (see also iodoform test). Rothera's test was initially applied to detecting ketonuria (a symptom of diabetes) in urine samples. This reaction is now exploited in the form of urine test strips (e.g. "Ketostix"). [61]
e. Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement. Lower limit. Upper limit. Unit. Urinary specific gravity. 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2]
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