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A meta-analysis of 46 studies shows that men and women are more alike than different on most psychological variables, such as personality, cognition and leadership. The web page explains how gender roles, context and development affect the apparent differences and how they can be misleading or harmful.
Women report higher stress than men and feel less understood, according to APA's 2023 survey. Learn about the sources of stress, the impact on mental health, and the ways to seek support and rest.
Psychologists have found few and small gender differences in math, verbal, and problem solving abilities, and no differences in math concepts. Cultural and environmental factors, not biology, explain most of the gender gaps in math and science achievement.
They also note women usually have PTSD symptoms longer than men (on average, 4 years versus 1 year) before diagnosis and treatment. While women with PTSD are less likely than men to have problems with alcohol or drugs after the trauma, both women and men may also develop physical health problems as a result of their PTSD.
The percentage of men who have suffered from a period of depression in their lifetime, when measured by a "gender inclusive depression scale" that includes symptoms such as rage and risk-taking, according to a 2013 study in JAMA Psychiatry. The study found no significant difference between the rate of depression in men and in women.
The authors cited previous research that found women suffer more than men from depression, because “women ruminate more frequently than men, focusing repetitively on their negative emotions and problems rather than engaging in more active problem solving.” The findings support gender-focused prevention and treatment efforts, the study said.
APA report finds that women face inequity in education, workforce and professional activities in psychology. Women have higher debt, lower salaries and less status than men in the field, especially in academia and APA.
This web page does not answer the query directly, but it provides some background information on how men and women experience and express anger differently. It also discusses the factors that trigger anger, the effects of anger diversion and the need for more research on men's anger.
The web page reviews the research on women and men as leaders, showing that they are equally effective in some settings, but more effective in others depending on the fit with gender roles. It also discusses the challenges and biases that women face in leadership positions, especially in male-dominated organizations.
This article reviews the literature on gender and perceptions of leadership effectiveness, using role congruity theory (RCT) as a framework. RCT suggests that women are more effective than men as leaders when they are perceived as role-congruent, but less effective when they are perceived as role-incongruent.